Basically, the word cooperation, in different societies, is a comprehensive concept that includes a mutual relationship between an individual to individual, the individual to a group or a group to another group and its application is not time and location bound. In fact cooperation conveys a kind of collective interaction that supplies the needs and benefits of the individual members and mankind, disregarding political concerns, is in need of it. The existence of an assortment of political, economical, social and cultural organizations in different societies and on the international scale is a clear and lively evidence of this social and historical need of modem man. However, different political and economical systems have treated the subject according to their own views to the extent that in capitalist systems, cooperation is based on economical liberalism in which the individual's freedom of action without the government's interference is advocated; while, in socialist systems, with the view of communal production, cooperative economy is considered as a governmental and pre-arranged economy. In the Islamic system cooperative economy is also considered as one of the important economical basis and has been emphasized in many aspects. However, in practice, cooperation has not received a remarkable status in Islamic countries. The aim of this study is to outline the position and the role of cooperation in economical and social systems and its effect on the political economy governing the societies leading them toward a dynamic or static operation of them, since sound geographical interpretation can not be obtained in the darkness of ignorance. The research hypotheses that form the basis of the aims of this study are as follows:   ·         From the historical point of view, the cooperation sector has always been one of the most suitable methods of man's cultural adaptation to his environment, on the one hand, and the mutual solution to the problems of human societies, on the other hand.  ·         Despite economical, social and technological developments of man and most importantly the supremacy of governmental and private sectors on the economy of the societies, the cooperation sector is still considered as an important human trend in economy and society. ·         Concerning the different views of governmental, economical and political systems governing the societies, the cooperation sector has been more successful in the systems which give it more freedom and where the government doesn't interfere with its activities. The method of research in this study is mainly based on the analytical comparative method. It is analytical because the plan provides the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the phenomena and their relationship with each other and it is comparative because it puts special importance op the similarities and differences that are in big social unit. The main results of this study are indicative of the fact that cooperation and corporation of human being in different social and economical spheres, in theirs traditional and modem's forms, have' always been influential. However, its traditional form has experienced disintegration in the process of economical, social and technological developments but the semi modem and modem forms of it are still playing important roles in the social economy, having benefited form the past experiences and having undergone the necessary alterations. In the meanwhile this important component in the economical systems is based on the non interference of the governments in the direct form and giving proportionate freedom to the activities of corporations which brings about remarkable success for it. It seems that if we want to consolidate the role and the status of cooperation in the society it is urgent to prepare the ground for collective cooperation of different social groups in the process of decision making, planning, execution and supervision on corporation activities and government should maintain its supervisory and supportive role.      

Purpose: The purpose of this applied research is to study the effectiveness of gamification on corporate training.  Methodology: A gamified course was designed and implemented to train the location of Fire Hosing Cabinet for 24 employees of a firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental research plan (post-test only control group design) the participants of the study were randomly assigned to treatment (12) and control (12) groups and trained for a week.  Conclusion: The descriptive and interpretive result of the posttest analyses indicated the effectiveness of gamification of the training performed for the employees of the firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Moreover, the descriptive result of Gamification Acceptance Questionnaire answered by the members of the experimental group after gamified training indicated that all the participants in the experimental group were satisfied with the gamified training course.

ABSTRACT Over the past 50 years since the first research in the field of urban development implementation plans, there has been a noticeable absence of a comprehensive literature review on this topic in the global arena. This article provides a textual analysis related to the subject of urban development implementation plans, to identify important and recurring themes alongside analyzing the relationships between authors, journals, and countries in this field. Along with the bibliographic analysis, documents related to the field of urban development implementation plans were reviewed to identify influential indicators in their implementation. To this end, 456 scientific articles were extracted from the Scopus scientific database as of October 28th, 2022, and analyzed using scientometric software. These analyses include examining author keywords, country co-authorships, journal bibliographic coupling, and author co-citations. In this study, 74 final indicators were identified as the most recurrent indicators in this field. The bibliographic analysis also produced several noteworthy results. The United States is the most active country in this field, with a link strength of 40 and 176 articles. Berke, P. is the most influential author in this field, with a link strength of 1623 and 99 citations. Among the journals examined, "Land Use Policy" has the highest bibliographic coupling strength of 84, and the "Journal of the American Planning Association" has the highest number of documents related to this field, with 22 documents; finally, among the identified. Extended Abstract Introduction The implementation of urban development projects has been a neglected topic in public policy research, despite its critical importance in ensuring the success of such projects. While there have been numerous studies on the factors that contribute to the success or failure of policy implementation, there has been a lack of systematic reviews on the subject of implementation as a whole. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. The study begins by collecting and categorizing existing research in the field, focusing on three main questions: -What are the key indicators for successful implementation? -What are urban journals and articles' current trends and performance? -How do countries and researchers collaborate in this area? The study also examines the relationships between authors, publishers, and different types of documents through bibliographic analysis. Ultimately, this study highlights the need for further research and a more structured approach to understanding the implementation process of urban development projects.   Methodology This study examined the literature related to implementation and evaluation plans in urban and land use planning. The authors used the Scopus database to extract and collect data, focusing on combining the keywords "implementation-plan" and "evaluation-plan" in the keywords, abstracts, and titles. Initially, 621 studies were extracted, but 456 articles were selected as the final database after filtering out non-article documents. The authors observed a general upward trend for studies from 1968 to 2022, with a significant increase in the slope of the trend from 2007. However, a slight decrease in studies was observed in 2021 and 2022, possibly due to the global pandemic and the emergence of new related topics. The authors used a four-stage process to analyze the bibliographic subject of the study, including simultaneous occurrence analysis, co-authorship analysis, bibliographic coupling analysis, co-citation analysis, content analysis, and thematic analysis. The authors identified the selected articles' research objectives, methodologies, findings, and main themes and sub-themes. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on implementation and evaluation plans in urban and land use planning.   Results and discussion This research aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation and execution of urban development plans using bibliometrics and systematic analysis. The study considers evaluation as a crucial part of the implementation process and seeks to answer three fundamental questions. Firstly, it identifies effective indicators of implementation and execution globally. Secondly, it examines the trends and performances of new articles and urban journals. Thirdly, it investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study identifies 74 general indicators that significantly impact the implementation process of urban plans. The results show that "performance evaluation," "effectiveness," "land use," "zonation," "participation," "program quality," and "implementation program" are critical indicators in this area. The study also highlights the importance of evaluation in the discussion of program implementation and its separability from the implementation process. Using the scientometric software VOSviewer, the study analyzed 68 keywords related to the bibliographic topic. "Program evaluation" obtained the first place, followed by "Program implementation" and "Program quality." The co-authorship analysis based on author items revealed that Berke, P. has the highest number of citations and link strength. Additionally, the study found that 72 countries have research in this field, with 22 countries having at least 5 citations that were clustered into 5 clusters by the software. The "land use policy" journal had the highest link strength, and the "Journal of the American planning association" had the highest number of documents related to this field. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers and researchers interested in urban development planning. It comprehensively examines the implementation and execution of urban development plans, identifies effective indicators, and investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study highlights the importance of evaluation in the implementation process and its separability from the implementation process.   Conclusion The main goal of this research was to fill the gap in research on the implementation and execution of urban development projects in the field, as no systematic review of the topic has been conducted from a global perspective since the first research in this field about half a century ago. Only in some studies, such as those by Talen (1996), Oliveira & Pinho (2010), Rudolf & Grădinaru (2017), has the evaluation of implementation been systematically reviewed, or the systematic review of experiences in a specific urban area, such as the review of various experiences in the Beijing urban area (Chu, 2020). In this research, with the comprehensive approach that the evaluation of implementation is an integral part of the overall process of implementing and executing urban development projects, this process has been examined from the perspective of bibliometrics and systematic analysis of this field. The main difference of this research, which makes it completely new, is firstly having a comprehensive approach to the implementation field, where program evaluation is only an important part of its structure, and secondly, using the scientometric software VOSviewer for the first time in this field. In essence, the conclusive outcomes of this investigation were entirely novel and exhibited some partial congruences with antecedent studies in the domain of appraising and discerning indicators. Significantly, this research has conferred a systematic appraisal of the literature concerning the urban implementation and execution of projects, which is an unprecedented contribution. It should be acknowledged that this is an initial survey of data intended to offer a comprehensive outlook on this scholarly field, and thus it is subject to certain limitations, such as its confinement to the Scopus database. As such, it is recommended that future research endeavors encompass an analysis of additional databases and undertake comparative evaluations of the results. Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Background: Early and late menopauses result in various physical and mental complications. On the other hand, family health primarily depends on mothers' health. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the social factors related to age of natural menopause in Zahedan.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 menopausal women in Zahedan during 2008.Subjects were randomly selected from 38 health centers. The sampling was started from a random point near each health center continued until 13 appropriate individuals were selected from every center. The data were collected by interviews with women. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS using independent t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and principal component analysis.Findings: This study showed mean±SD and median age of menopause as 47.3±6.3 and 48 years, respectively.The socioeconomic and menstrual-reproductive factors that were significantly related to early mean age of menopause were celibacy (44.6 years, P=0.04), low income level (45.3 years, P=0.043), low social class (45.2 years, P=0.048), and smoking (45.8 years, P=0.039).Conclusion: In addition to genetic and menstrual-reproductive factors, social factors especially socioeconomic factors can also affect the age of natural menopause. Since of menopause is related with some diseases, complications and mortality among women, this phenomenon should be noticed as an epidemiological issue in societies and early menopause should be prevented.

Aim: of this study to compare coping styles in students having high and low emotional intelligence and examining emotional intelligence and coping styles in high and low socio-economical classes. Method: was expose facto and samples were 356 students in third grade of high school in Tehran, that were selected using multi-step cluster sampling. Participate in this study responded to questionnaire measuring coping styles (Roger and Najarian, 1993), personal characteristics and emotional intelligence (Bradberry, Griaves, 2004). Oneway analysis of variance, Pearson correlation test, t student test, Tukey posthon test, and blocked analysis of variance were used. Results: indicated that using rational and detached coping styles in students having high emotional intelligence is more than students having low emotional intelligence. The rate of using avoidance coping style in students having high and low emotional intelligence had no difference. The amount of using emotional coping style in students having low emotional intelligence was higher. The results also indicated that emotional intelligence was higher in students a longing high socio-economical class than low soinse conomiced class. Using rational coping style in both classes made no difference. However using detached coping style was reported more in the higher class and using avoidance and emotional coping style was reported more in the low class. Conclusion: It must be mentioned that socio-economical class had no significant effect on the relations between emotional intelligence and coping style. Additionally, results of the present study indicated that external factors such as socio-economical status and intrinsic factors like emotional intelligence influence of coping styles and such variables have Closely related to each other and with socio-economical Staley.

Background: Exercise increase the production of free radicals and lipid peroxides which result in oxidative injury and consequently tissue damage.It is suggested that vitamin C and E could decrease the increased level of lipid peroxides. The aim of this research was to study antioxidant vitamins intake in athlete women who attended in aerobic sport saloon in two different socio-economic regions in Isfahan.Methods: In this descriptive study 99 athlete women aged 15-50 years were selected by random sampling method. Nutritional information of the studied population was obtained by a 24 hours questionnaire for two consecutive days. Mean intake of vitamin C and E was measured and compared with RDA levels and in two studied groups from two regions. Collected data analyzed using SPSS and N4 software.Findings: Mean intake level of vitamin E in regions with high and low economic level was lower significantly than RDA level. Mean intake level of vitamin E in regions with high economic level was significantly higher than low economic level region (P=0.033). Mean intake level of vitamin C in regions with high and low economic level was higher significantly than RDA level. There was no significant difference in the level of vitamin C in two studied regions (P=0.098).Conclusion: Our findings indicated low intake level of vitamin E among athlete women, which emphasize the necessity of developing appropriate strategies to improve vitamin E intake among this group of population.

For development of parental pollinators of sugar beet resistant to powdery mildew disease, a rather resistant 14442 population was used. Based on the resistance index, 50 resistant plants were selected to produce half sib families (H.S.F). After open pollinating between these 50 plants, seeds of H.S.F were harvesed. Among these 50 plants, 39 plants produced enough seed. This H.S.F were planted in one raw plot with six replications and evaluated for disease resistance in the next year. Three H.S.Fs (H.S.F13, H.S.F24 and H.S.F35) with high level of resistance were selected. These three families were expressed to selection 150 roots were selected to produce next half sib families. Among these 150 families, 88 roots produced enough seed. In the next cycle, 88 new H.S.F were evaluated for disease resistance and three H.S.Fs (H.S.F5, H.S.F17 and H.S.F22) with high level of resistance were selected. From each H.S.F, 35 roots were selected to produce S1 lines. In the cage, among 105 roots, only 13 plants produced enough seed. 13 S1 were evaluated again for disease resistance in the next year. Low level of infection (12.9 %) was observed in the S1 lines. Therefore, selection in the 14442 population for powdery mildew resistance was very effective, and the plants selected in this method showed 72.6 % selection progress. Because of the high resistance of the S1 lines, they could be used to develop powdery mildew resistancte varieties.

Fostering critical thinking among senior high school students in Colombia has been an unfulfilled goal. This undesirable situation has multiple causes: “critical thinking” has become a mere slogan and its meaning and scope have not been clearly specified despite being widely used in the different levels of the education system. Furthermore, the strategies designed to teach critical thinking lack creativity, reinforce rote learning and the sheer repetition of logic rules besides misallocating the goal of reasoning and argumentation by focusing only on rhetorical persuasion. Textbooks and core literature in critical thinking suggest that a critical thinker is someone who always has plenty of arguments to defend her beliefs besides being ready to address even destructive criticism. By contrast, critical rationalism emphasizes the importance of a humble approach, acknowledges error, and portrays a critical thinker as someone who is ready to test her most beloved theories against experience and to reject them in the light of the facts that contradict her beliefs and certainties. We consider that a pedagogical approach enriched with fallibilism might be central for a better education and endorse these views with the results of a case study conducted in Manizales, Colombia, which shows that teaching the basics of logic and argumentation by using the central tenets of critical rationalism fosters critical thinking among senior high school students